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Free SAP-C02 practice test: 30 questions with answers
30 original questions for AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional, drawn from every topic area. Answer each one to see whether you got it right and why. No sign-up.
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All 30 SAP-C02 questions with answers
The same questions as the test above, grouped by exam topic. Open any question to see the answer and explanation.
Design New Solutions (8 questions)
Question 1
A web application must survive the failure of an entire Availability Zone with minimal data loss for its relational database. Which configuration provides this?
- AA single-AZ instance with daily snapshots stored in one zone and restored manually after a failure
- BA read replica in the same AZ configured with asynchronous replication and promoted by hand during an outage
- CA Multi-AZ database deployment with synchronous replication to a standby in another AZ
- DStoring the database on a laptop under a desk connected to a consumer Wi-Fi network with a USB drive
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Correct answer: CMulti-AZ synchronous replication keeps a standby in another zone for automatic failover with minimal data loss. Single-AZ instances, same-AZ replicas and laptops do not survive zone failures.
Question 2
A serverless backend needs to process events from an SQS queue and write results to DynamoDB. Failed events must be retried a limited number of times and then captured for investigation. Which configuration fits?
- AA Lambda event source mapping with a dead-letter queue for failed batches and a bounded retry policy
- BDeleting failed events without record after their visibility timeout expires on the source queue, so no trace remains
- CA cron job that polls the queue every second with a sleep loop in a single process on a virtual machine, retrying each message
- DStoring failed events in a text file in /tmp on the function's disk, which is ephemeral and recycled between invocations
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Correct answer: ALambda event source mapping with a DLQ and bounded retries captures repeated failures for analysis. Polling every second, local file storage and silent deletion do not meet the requirement.
Question 3
A company wants its containers to run without managing EC2 instances, with each service scaling independently and an ALB routing traffic. Which combination fits best?
- AAmazon ECS on AWS Fargate with an Application Load Balancer and service auto scaling
- BBare-metal servers in a colocation facility with hand-configured hypervisors
- CManual Docker on a single EC2 instance with containers started by hand
- DLambda functions for long-running web services with a 15-minute timeout
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Correct answer: AECS on Fargate removes server management, and service auto scaling and an ALB handle scale and routing. Manual Docker, Lambda for long-running services and colocation servers do not fit.
Question 4
A global application needs low-latency reads for user profiles with a few hundred thousand requests per second and single-digit millisecond responses. Which service is the best fit?
- AAmazon Redshift with columnar storage tiers
- BAmazon Neptune with a graph query engine
- CAmazon DynamoDB with DAX caching where needed
- DAmazon Glacier Deep Archive with vault lock policies
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Correct answer: CDynamoDB with DAX delivers very high throughput and microsecond-to-millisecond reads for key-based access. Redshift is analytical, Neptune is a graph database, and Glacier is archival.
Question 5
A company needs to process images uploaded to S3 by running a container that scales to zero when there are no uploads. Which design fits?
- AA permanently running EC2 instance with a fixed capacity reservation and a loop that checks S3
- BA cron job on a laptop that runs a script every hour to list new objects in the bucket
- CManual processing by staff after each upload, with someone reviewing each new image in the console and resizing it
- DAn S3 event notification that triggers an EventBridge rule or Lambda that starts an ECS Fargate task or Batch job
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Correct answer: DEvent-driven triggers start container work on demand and stop when done, which scales to zero. Permanent polling, laptop cron and manual processing do not fit the requirement.
Question 6
A company needs private connectivity from its VPC to a third-party SaaS provider without traversing the internet. Which AWS feature supports this?
- AA VPN to the provider's home office over an IPsec tunnel from a customer gateway
- BAWS PrivateLink with an interface VPC endpoint to the provider's service
- CA public internet gateway with an allow-list and NACL rules
- DA NAT gateway with public IPs in a routed subnet and an elastic IP
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Correct answer: BPrivateLink provides private connectivity to services through interface endpoints. Public gateways, home-office VPNs and NAT gateways still use public routing.
Question 7
A company needs a shared file system for a high-performance computing workload that requires very high throughput and POSIX semantics. Which service is the best fit?
- AAmazon Glacier Deep Archive
- BAWS Snowcone for live processing
- CAmazon S3 Standard with no mount
- DAmazon FSx for Lustre
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Correct answer: DFSx for Lustre provides high-throughput POSIX-compatible shared storage for HPC workloads. S3 has no POSIX mount by default, Glacier is archival, and Snowcone is for edge data collection.
Question 8
A company wants its web application to route requests to the closest healthy Region while keeping the same public IP addresses for clients. Which service fits best?
- AAmazon Route 53 simple routing only
- BAWS Global Accelerator
- CAmazon CloudFront with origin IP addresses that change weekly
- DA VPN between clients and each Region
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Correct answer: BGlobal Accelerator provides static anycast IP addresses and routes to the nearest healthy endpoints. Simple DNS routing does not provide static IPs, changing origins break static address expectations, and VPNs are not for public clients.
Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions (8 questions)
Question 9
A company's monthly AWS spend grows quickly. The team wants to see which accounts and services drive costs and be alerted to unusual spikes. Which combination helps most?
- ACost Explorer with cost allocation tags and Cost Anomaly Detection alerts
- BTurning off monitoring to reduce costs by disabling cost reports in every account
- CManually reviewing invoices once a year by a finance intern from PDF bills in shared folders
- DAsking each team to guess their spend from memory during quarterly planning meetings
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Correct answer: ACost Explorer with tags and anomaly alerts identifies drivers and unusual spikes. Yearly invoice reviews, disabled monitoring and guessing do not provide timely insight.
Question 10
A company's EC2 fleet has a steady baseline and variable peaks. The team wants to reduce cost without impacting performance. Which combination is most effective?
- ASavings Plans or Reserved Instances for the baseline and Auto Scaling with Spot or On-Demand for peaks
- BTurning off Auto Scaling and pinning the desired capacity to the peak count of the fleet in every instance group
- CRunning peak capacity around the clock on On-Demand instances in a single Auto Scaling group with no scale-in policy
- DReplacing the fleet with a single large instance of the largest available size, behind an Application Load Balancer
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Correct answer: ACommitments for baseline and elastic capacity for peaks align cost with usage. Peak-all-day, one large instance and disabled scaling waste money or reduce resilience.
Question 11
A company wants to monitor application health across accounts and get notified of errors within minutes. Which combination is most appropriate?
- AIgnoring errors unless customers complain and relying on support tickets from end users alone
- BDisabling metrics to lower costs by removing the CloudWatch alarms
- CChecking logs manually once a day by opening each service's log group in the console and scrolling
- DCloudWatch metrics and alarms with cross-account observability and SNS notifications
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Correct answer: DCloudWatch alarms and cross-account observability give timely visibility, and SNS delivers notifications. Daily manual checks, ignoring errors and disabled metrics delay response.
Question 12
A team wants to validate that a recently changed security group configuration does not expose a database port to the internet. Which tool provides ongoing checks of the configuration?
- AAmazon Polly neural text-to-speech voice profiles
- BAWS Snow Family edge devices for offline data transfer
- CAWS Config rules evaluating security group rules
- DAmazon Kinesis Video Streams for camera feeds with HLS
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Correct answer: CAWS Config rules continuously evaluate security group configurations against policy. The other services are unrelated to network configuration checks.
Question 13
A company must test the disaster recovery plan without affecting production, and show that it meets the recovery time objective. Which practice is most appropriate?
- AAssuming the plan works because backups exist, since a second Region holds copies and the restore scripts are on file
- BRunning regular recovery tests in an isolated environment and timing each step against the objective
- CTesting during a real outage when customers are already affected, with no runbook rehearsal
- DSkipping tests because they are expensive and budget constraints mean that the drill environment would be a full copy
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Correct answer: BRegular, timed tests in isolation prove recovery and reveal gaps without impacting production. Assumptions, outage-only testing and skipping tests leave risk unverified.
Question 14
A company wants to automatically remediate noncompliant S3 buckets that become public. Which combination provides this?
- AAWS Config rule detecting public buckets with an automatic remediation action using Systems Manager Automation
- BTurning off S3 entirely for every account in the organization until the exposure review is complete
- CManual remediation once per quarter by an engineer who edits each bucket's policy through the console
- DSending a monthly email reminder to bucket owners asking them to review public access settings by Friday
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Correct answer: AConfig rules with automatic remediation fix public buckets quickly. Quarterly manual steps, reminder emails and turning off S3 do not provide timely automated remediation.
Question 15
Which two options reduce compute cost for fault-tolerant workloads? (Choose two.)
- AKeeping On-Demand capacity for all batch jobs
- BDisabling Auto Scaling for batch workloads
- CEC2 Spot Instances for fault-tolerant workloads
- DAuto Scaling groups with Spot diversification across instance types
- ERunning critical databases on Spot Instances
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Correct answer: C, DSpot and diversified Auto Scaling suit interruption-tolerant work and lower cost. Critical databases on Spot and All-On-Demand batch approaches do not reduce cost for that type of workload.
Question 16
A company's application performance degrades under load, and the team suspects database queries. Which tool helps identify slow queries and their causes in an RDS database?
- AAWS Budgets alerts on monthly spend thresholds
- BAmazon Macie sensitive data review
- CAWS Shield DDoS protection for edges
- DPerformance Insights on the RDS instance
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Correct answer: DPerformance Insights shows database load by wait events and SQL statements. Budgets, Macie and Shield do not analyze database performance.
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity (7 questions)
Question 17
A company with several accounts wants centralized logging of all CloudTrail events in a separate account that application teams cannot modify. Which design meets this?
- ACloudTrail enabled separately in each account, with single-account trails writing to local S3 buckets that each account team manages
- BSharing the root user credentials of the management account with partner teams so they can read log files from the trail's bucket
- CAn organization trail delivering to an S3 bucket in a dedicated log archive account with restricted write access
- DDisabling CloudTrail in the application accounts during release windows to keep trail delivery costs and event volume low overall
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Correct answer: CAn organization trail to a dedicated archive account centralizes logs and keeps them outside application-team control. Local buckets, disabled trails and shared root credentials fail the requirement.
Question 18
A company wants developers in member accounts to use temporary credentials through its corporate identity provider, with access assigned by job role. Which service provides this?
- AIAM users with permanent access keys in every account
- BRoot user logins shared among teams
- CAWS IAM Identity Center
- DAnonymous access to the console
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Correct answer: CIAM Identity Center federates identities and assigns permission sets across accounts with temporary credentials. Permanent keys, shared root logins and anonymous access are not appropriate.
Question 19
A central network team must allow several accounts to attach their VPCs to a shared transit hub without managing peering for each pair. Which service fits best?
- AFull mesh VPC peering between every pair of VPCs across accounts, with a route entry per pair
- BPublic IP addresses on every instance in each subnet, assigned at launch
- CNAT instances in each VPC for routing traffic between spoke networks on EC2
- DAWS Transit Gateway shared with other accounts through AWS Resource Access Manager
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Correct answer: DTransit Gateway shared with RAM lets accounts attach VPCs to a central hub without full-mesh peering. Peering each pair scales poorly, public IPs do not provide routing, and NAT instances are not a hub.
Question 20
An organization needs preventive controls that stop accounts from using services that the security team has not approved, even if local administrators try to enable them. Which control fits?
- AAn AWS Config rule that reports after the service is used and flags noncompliant resources for review
- BService control policies that deny unapproved services at the organization or OU level
- CA written policy asking teams not to use the services in their accounts and record it in the wiki
- DA monthly manual review of usage logs, pulled from billing exports and reviewed by an operations team
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Correct answer: BSCPs are preventive guardrails that cap permissions across accounts. Written policies, after-the-fact rules and monthly reviews do not stop use.
Question 21
A company must allow a partner's AWS account to read a specific S3 prefix in the company's account, without giving the partner any other access. Which mechanism is most appropriate?
- AMaking the bucket public for read access through an ACL grant to AllUsers for every object prefix
- BCopying the data into the partner's account by hand with exports saved to a local workstation
- CSharing the company's root credentials with the partner so they can sign in to the console
- DA bucket policy granting the partner's role read access only to the specific prefix
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Correct answer: DA scoped bucket policy grants precise cross-account read access to one prefix. Root credentials, public access and manual copies do not meet least privilege.
Question 22
A company uses several Regions and needs to ensure that data stays within a single country for compliance, while latency for users remains low. Which design element is most important?
- ASelecting Regions in the required country and designing replication only within permitted boundaries
- BReplicating data to every Region worldwide with replication rules enabled everywhere
- CStoring data in the Region closest to the CEO because executives approve the cloud budget there
- DIgnoring residency because latency is the priority and treating data location as a secondary concern
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Correct answer: ARegions in the permitted country and replication within allowed boundaries satisfy residency and latency. Global replication violates residency, CEO proximity is irrelevant, and ignoring residency breaks compliance.
Question 23
Which two statements about AWS Organizations are accurate? (Choose two.)
- AMember accounts can ignore SCPs when they have administrator rights
- BOrganizations cannot contain more than five accounts
- CManagement account resources are exempt from billing
- DConsolidated billing combines charges across member accounts
- EService control policies apply to member accounts in the organization
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Correct answer: D, EConsolidated billing combines charges and SCPs apply to member accounts regardless of local administrator rights. Organizations can hold many accounts, and management account resources are billed.
Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization (7 questions)
Question 24
A company is migrating a monolithic application to containers and wants to modernize incrementally by moving one function at a time behind an API gateway. Which pattern does this describe?
- AHard-coded routing in every client
- BStrangler fig pattern
- CBig-bang cutover
- DLift and shift without any changes
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Correct answer: BThe strangler fig pattern replaces functionality incrementally behind a routing layer. Big-bang cutovers, unchanged lift-and-shift and hard-coded client routing do not describe incremental modernization.
Question 25
Which two practices help with disaster recovery testing? (Choose two.)
- ARecording measured RTO and RPO results from each drill
- BSkipping drills to avoid disruption
- CRelying on untested backups
- DDeleting the test environment after each drill
- ERunning periodic failover drills
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Correct answer: A, EDrills and measured results validate recovery objectives. Skipping drills and relying on untested backups leave recovery unproven.
Question 26
A team is modernizing a Windows application that needs a Microsoft SQL Server database with minimal changes to the application. Which migration path is most suitable?
- ARehosting to Amazon RDS for SQL Server with the database migrated using DMS or native backup and restore
- BReplacing the database with flat files without schema, loaded by scheduled scripts
- CRewriting the database into a graph model using a Neptune cluster and rebuilding every stored procedure as a Lambda function
- DKeeping the database on a developer laptop with a local copy shared over the network
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Correct answer: ARDS for SQL Server preserves the engine, so the application changes little. A graph rewrite, laptops and flat files do not fit the requirement.
Question 27
A company wants to move millions of small files from an on-premises NAS to S3 over a constrained link, with incremental syncs until cutover. Which service fits best?
- AEmail attachments of the files, split into nightly batches
- BPrinting and shipping paper copies of the files by courier
- CAWS Snowmobile for every incremental sync of the NAS
- DAWS DataSync with scheduled incremental transfers
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Correct answer: DDataSync performs incremental transfers with bandwidth control, which suits constrained links until cutover. Snowmobile is for very large one-time transfers, and email and paper are impractical.
Question 28
A company is replacing a monolithic application with event-driven microservices, and the services must publish and subscribe to events with fan-out to multiple consumers. Which service pattern fits best?
- AA single shared database table polled on a timer by every service
- BDirect synchronous point-to-point calls between services with no retries
- CAmazon SNS topics fanning out to multiple SQS queues or Lambda subscribers
- DEmail notifications between services, with each service reading a shared inbox over SMTP
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Correct answer: CSNS fan-out to SQS queues or Lambda decouples services and supports multiple consumers. Polling a shared table, point-to-point calls without retries and email between services are fragile designs.
Question 29
Which two activities should be completed before cutting over a production database during a migration? (Choose two.)
- ADisabling monitoring on the source
- BValidating data consistency between source and target
- CTesting application connectivity and performance against the target
- DDeleting the source database backups
- ETelling no one about the cutover schedule
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Correct answer: B, CData validation and application testing confirm that the target is correct and ready. Deleting backups, secrecy and disabling monitoring increase risk.
Question 30
Which service migrates a large file server with ongoing synchronization and bandwidth control?
- AAWS Snowcone only
- BAWS DataSync
- CAmazon Glacier Select
- DAWS Step Functions
Show answer and explanationHide answer
Correct answer: BDataSync transfers and synchronizes files with bandwidth controls. Snowcone is a device, Glacier Select queries archives, and Step Functions orchestrates workflows.
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